The main problem that segments have introduced to managing memory space is that their variable size wastes memory through fragmentation. Fixed-size pieces that are easier to handle are much more popular: these are known as pages.

TCP is the well-known protocol for reliable transfer of data. But how does it actually work?

The final piece to the puzzle of electromagnetism here is electromagnetic induction, where we use magnets to create current.

When we make our programs more and more complex, we need more complex data types as well. We have only used OCaml's built-in data types, how can we construct our own data types?

What are the formal semantics of how a programming language works, mathematically? That's a broad topic. Operational semantics, which are how programs execute, are narrow enough for one article.